Identity politics is an analytical framework and political approach that focuses on the ways in which people's political actions and affiliations are shaped by their shared group identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, or other social affiliations. It investigates how these identities become bases for political mobilization, collective action, and the articulation of specific interests and demands, often in response to experiences of marginalization, oppression, or systemic inequality. This approach highlights the significance of social positioning and lived experience in understanding political power dynamics and the formation of political consciousness and movements.